How is love presented in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

How is love introduced in Romeo and Juliet? Article Love is introduced from multiple points of view in Romeo and Juliet. Love, in this play, isn't in reality genuine romance; it is a blend of sentiments and thoughts of infactuation, durable love, and marriage. This exposition will thoroughly analyze these perspectives depicted through the different characters in this play. Marriage is the vehicle through which most characters in Romeo and Juliet express their perspectives on affection. One of the ways Father Capulet considers marriage is that it resembles an arrangement. In the days that this play was composed, a dad would claim his little girl and could do what he needed with her. What's more, you be mine, Ill offer you to my companion The thing companion shows how Father Capulet values Paris Family. As of now, Father Capulet is attempting to convince Juliet to wed Paris as he might suspect this will end Juliets distress. This is a case of sensational incongruity as the crowd realize that Juliets trouble is a consequence of Romeo killing her cousin Tybalt, and Father Capulet trusts it is because of just Tybalts demise. This scene would raise crowd pressures as there is a lot of brutality and outrage depicted. As he is attempting to end Juliets serious trouble, it is realized that Father Capulet likewise has her inclinations on a fundamental level. Besides, Father Capulet believes union with be connected with associations. A man of his word of respectable parentage, The descriptive word respectable again shows how he esteems Paris family and how mindful he is of their association with different families. This shows he is as a rule mostly narrow minded as he simply needs the opportunity to be associated with other, progressively notable individuals. Woman Capulet additionally contributes her musings on marriage and love. She accepts that marriage is totally related with physical fascination which is a perspective on adoration which is broadly spread today. Peruse oer the volume of youthful Paris face. What's more, discover charm writ there with beautys pen. The thing beautys proposes that she discovers Paris appealing and that she likewise has Juliets interests on a basic level as she needs her girl to be cheerful. The Capulets Nurse, who is a comic character, considers love and union with be corresponded with sex and pregnancy. Ladies develop by men. The action word develop shows how an individual in Shakespearian occasions would have depicted pregnancy and this interests the crowd. This shows she isn't keen on Juliets genuine sentiments as wedding her Paris is increasingly advantageous at the time since Romeo has been exiled. Then again, it might likewise show that the Nurse additionally has Juliets interests on the most fundamental level as she needs her to be content with her decision of individual. Another type of adoration which is introduced in Romeo and Juliet is infactuation. We are first acquainted with Romeo by his dad, who is grieved by Romeos ongoing conduct. Tears enlarging the crisp morning dew, Private in his chamber pens himself. The action word pens demonstrates how separated that Romeo is and need to be. The crowd at first observes Romeo in his touchy state. He has all the earmarks of being a character that isn't responsible for his sentiments. This shows the crowd that he is fairly youthful and lacking poise. Romeo practices this viewpoint all through the play as when Mercutio is executed, he loses control and murders Tybalt. At the point when Romeo initially talks, he does as such in interesting expressions. Substantial daintiness, genuine vanity. These differences show the limits in Romeos language, which further builds up affection being a blend of disarray. Additionally, he communicates in beautiful kind language which are hyperbolies, which demonstrate his loss of control and tremendous degree of the infactuation he perseveres. .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .postImageUrl , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:hover , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:visited , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:active { border:0!important; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:active , .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61 . focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1279cd274e5494cccacccab6a288bb61:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: How complete two writers vary in the manner in which they investigate love EssayBenvolio exhorts Romeo on what to do about his discouraged state. Take thou some new contamination to thy eye Also, the rank toxic substance of the old will pass on. The thing contamination overstates how Benvolio doesn't care to infactuate. This implies Benvolio thinks Romeo is over responding and that he should simply proceed onward with his life. It recommends that Benvolio realizes what genuine affection resembles and realizes Romeo is infactuating. Minister Lawrence is initially met when he is investigating his plants. His considerations on affection are the most sensible as he might suspect love ought not be surged and that it should keep going for quite a while. This implies he feels that Romeo ought not be so sensational and take life gradually with the goal that the felling keeps going longer. His perspectives are the most balanced and later in the play, we see that he is extremely chivalrous as he needs the best or the two families. This is apparent as he weds Romeo and Juliet with the goal that the two families meet up. This paper has clarified the various ways that Romeo and Juliet presents love. These are a blend of considerations and emotions which are not related with genuine romance however are brought about by numerous individuals. It incorporates association with others, proprietorship, sex pregnancy, physical fascination, and interests in the best for others.

OPERATIONS & FINANCIAL DECISION MANAGEMENT Essay

Tasks and FINANCIAL DECISION MANAGEMENT - Essay Example 1. According to the truncated accounting report dated 31.1.2006, the stock levels on 31/1/2007 was  £ 1382,592 when contrasted with  £ 1132,505 on 31/1/2006. Consequently, there has been an expansion of 22.08% over the earlier year. Also, it is seen that the stock parts of stock in the organization comprises of numerous little things provided by various makers . Among these, things like envelope, envelope scoop, cushioned spread, inflator fans, bushel, burners and chambers structure the fundamental constituents of the completed item †the inflatable inflatables. It is seen for these essential stock things, there might be just a couple of endorsed providers. In this way, it should be guaranteed that conveyance and quality angles should be carefully investigated, since the wellbeing parts of these air inflatables can't be undermined since it includes human wellbeing and security. Additionally, in the event that it is expected to change providers of significant things, it become important to get recertified from the endorsement body for wellbeing and security which may not be a simple errand. Along these lines, it is felt that given the way that there are many sub get together parts and segments engaged with th e creation of an air expand, it is important to keep up a more elevated level of stock inventories. Lead time: The assembling of tourist balloons includes a master task involving most extreme wellbeing and standard control adherence, and nothing could be left an opportunity in the production of sight-seeing balloons. On account of requesting being put for resupply, the conveyance may require some investment, contingent on the sort of crude materials and the time required for reorders. For the flexibly of textures, the lead time might associate with about two months. Once more, on account of different things, the lead time would be a period running from 3 days to 3 months, contingent on economic situations and accessibility of materials reordered. Some of the time it might happen that the things may not be accessible in prepared stocks with the merchants/providers, and hence, it might

Coping and Finding Support When a Family Member Has OCD

Coping and Finding Support When a Family Member Has OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Coping When a Family Member Has OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 29, 2019 Deborah Cheramie/Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions As the family member of someone with OCD, it can be difficult to know how to act, what to say or how to cope. If you feel like youre tiptoeing around your loved one, here are some tips to help.   Get Informed It is essential that you learn as much as you can about OCD so that you are better able to understand the symptoms and suffering that your family member is experiencing. While there are a number of excellent books available, it may be helpful to ask your family member if you can join them for an appointment with their mental health professional. Meeting together can provide a way to get answers to any questions you might have. The Internet can also be a valuable source of information, but make sure you stick to reputable websites in which the content is reviewed and/or authored by medical experts. ?University-affiliated hospitals often have excellent resources for patients and their families as well. Get Involved Although many family members have the best of intentions, it is not uncommon for them to be enablers of the affected family member’s compulsions. For example, family members may help the OCD sufferer avoid the things they fear, which reduces anxiety. Knowing how CBT and exposure and response prevention treatment works and understanding that your family member’s anxiety must get worse before it gets better can be very helpful. Many health providers encourage family members to attend OCD therapy sessions and feel it is absolutely necessary to help treatment be successful. Get Support Don’t go it alone. OCD can be a frustrating illness, and it is essential that you surround yourself with people who understand what you are going through and are willing to listen when things get rough. Other family members, family support groups, and online communities can all be valuable sources of support. Get Help It can be difficult to cope with a family member’s OCD, especially if their symptoms are severe or have been going on for a long period of time. Over time, feeling overwhelmed can lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and ultimately depression. Put your psychological health first and check in with your family doctor or psychologist if you are feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. You will be in the best position possible to help and support your family member if you make sure you are looking after your own mental health too. Be Honest Although it sounds simple, it can often be very difficult to talk openly and honestly to your family member about what you both are going through. The nature of their obsessions or compulsions may be embarrassing for them to discuss, or you may be afraid of hurting their feelings. Sometimes the OCD sufferer can feel selfish for even bringing up their own struggles. It is essential, however, to keep the lines of communication open and make sure no subject is off limits. Talking through difficult issues with an objective third party present such as a family doctor, psychiatrist, counselor, psychologist, nurse, or social worker can often take the pressure off.

I Have A Registered Nurse - 877 Words

I have been a Registered Nurse for over thirty-three years, nursing is my passion. I personally would like to continue to work as a nurse, until I am no longer physically or mentally able to. I am a sixty-five years old woman, working as a bedside nurse in a community hospital. I do not imagine myself doing anything else, but to continue to work as a registered nurse. I remain a very active person in my personal life and at work. My age has not slowed me down at all, and I continue to work effectively. However, lately at work, I have noticed that management have not offered or considered me for promotion because they are being offered only to the younger nurses. Also, I have noticed that patients’ assignments have been easier than usual. Some younger nurses are making comments that the older nurses get, the easier assignment because we are old and unable to handle it. Furthermore, I have noticed that several of new hires are new grads or very young nurses and my hours are bein g cut. The rumors are that the new hires are going to replace the older nurses that should be retiring soon. Lastly, I am constantly being asked by the younger supervisors, when will I be retiring or taking a vacation. I am currently facing age discrimination at work. Age Discrimination in the Workplace To improve my situation of discrimination, I began to research my rights. According to Hillier and Barrow (2011), The 1967 Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits the following: failing to hire aShow MoreRelated The Profession of Registered Nursing Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagespeople that help maintain our health status. Registered nurses are one of these important professional people that take care of the sick and maintain health all around the world and in our community. Registered nurses also work to prevent disease , to educate the public about health issues , to enhance public health , and to help support ill patients both physically and mentally. 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Persuasive Essay - Choice of University - Wgu - 927 Words

My recent decision to enroll in a university to continue and complete my pursuit of an undergraduate degree was not especially difficult. Selection of and commitment to a particular university was not as simple. Multiple factors including, but not limited to, price point, reputation, ease of access, and career relevance were weighed. I selected Western Governors University and remain very satisfied with this choice. Cost is a major determining factor, and one in which WGU holds a tremendous advantage over competing learning institutions. One must consider the annual cost of WGU at $5,780, compared to the average annual cost of a public institution at $32,617. Other online institutions also cannot compete in regards to cost,†¦show more content†¦The mentor program is a benefit of WGU that, while described in their promotional material, is not fully realized until experienced personally. Each student is assigned a 4 mentor as a â€Å"personal point of contact and guide throughout the duration of the program† (WGU, 2012). Weekly status update phone calls have been essential to my keeping on track and motivated - issues I was concerned with considering the self-paced nature of online learning. The mentor is just one aspect of WGU’s support. Each course is supported by multiple class mentors - experienced professionals that lead online webinars, publish video tutorials, and respond to personal inquiries. All of these are offered at many different times to accommodate students’ schedules. Returning to college as a working adult is a serious commitment. Balancing work, family life, and attempting an education is difficult. While cost benefits, reputation, and career relevance were my primary drivers in selecting WGU as my university, the support of my personal mentor and the staff committed to each course have been the biggest factor in my satisfaction with WGU. I do not hesitate to suggest Western Governors University to anyone interested in pursuing higher education. 5 REFERENCES How WGU’s tuition compares. (2013). Retrieved from http:// www.wgu.edu/tuition_financial_aid/tuition_comparison_pop Fast

The Hidden Facts Regarding Persuasive Essay Samples College Uncovered by an Old Pro

The Hidden Facts Regarding Persuasive Essay Samples College Uncovered by an Old Pro Using Persuasive Essay Samples College Year round school isn't a good idea. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, decent college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. Though some argue a college education needs to be free for everybody, it won't increase graduation prices. Students and teachers can buy balanced lunch and drinks besides alcohol, that allows them to feel nice and study much better. Being in college might be a little struggle for some. The perfect place to bear in mind is a completely free online English writing lab named Purdue OWL. Every American should learn how to speak English. He should learn to speak Spanish. The Ultimate Persuasive Essay Samples College Trick When compared to other sorts of literature out there, a persuasive college structure is distinguished by its effectiveness and concentrate on convincing the readers of someone's point of view. Selecting the proper topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. Whatever the case, it's always a better idea to work with a topic that is very close to you and that you get a genuine interest in, instead of just picking a random topic. You may acquire an idea for a starting point in your essay. Business success is an issue of luck and doesn't have anything to do with professionalism. Sure, with this kind of a tremendous selection of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is via seeing and understanding work which is already completed. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. By viewing the Sample essay, you can choose whether you need to obtain an essay for yourself. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you w ill understand what to research and that which you will deal with. Which is precisely why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that could assist you with your own. The above mentioned sample of the persuasive essay will assist you in writing your college essay assignments in time. Giving everyone the chance to study without paying is not only going to increase the quantity of students, but will produce the college become perceived as less serious. A minumum of one parent should work at home. While attempting to know how to compose a persuasive essay step-by-step, students forget about another crucial activity. Many students think that it is a waste of time. A photo essay is a group of pictures with a general topic or theme. The sort of information which Becky just got new automobile interior is wholly useless in the very long run. Social networking encourages the false images of how everything ought to be in an ideal world. The most important aspect which pro duces a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. You should be aware that all stages of speech preparation are important, and not just just choosing the correct topic. If you still don't understand how to prepare an intriguing speech, EssayShark can assist you. Even the toughest speech can be readily done, you merely have to place an order with your requirements and following a quick time period, you are going to receive just what you desire. The Death of Persuasive Essay Samples College Drafting and planning in addition to researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. Leading quality businesses do not usually supply you with a complete Sample essay. You are able to obtain nearly every Sample essay online for unique subjects. Persuasive Essay Samples College Secrets That No One Else Knows About For instance, if you're given with cyber security essay topics research work must complete such essays by emp loying relevant examples associated with your opinion on the subject. In here, you shouldn't introduce any new details. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's vital to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. When the research is ready, you might have many unique elements to cover the topic. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to create the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. It is crucial that you already have proficient understanding of it, since the better you know more about the topic the easier it's for you to depend on your standpoint. In your introduction paragraph, it is sufficient to introduce the topic and offer meaningful background details. Before writing down the facts and examples which you're likely to tackle, you ought to be well informed, first of all, about your topic.

Auditing Theory and Practice Business Engagement

Question: Describe about the Auditing Theory and Practice for Business Engagement. Answer: Introduction An audit planning is defined as the particular guideline that is followed during the conduction of an audit. This helps the companys auditor to attain sufficient accurate evidence for the situation (Messier Jr 2016). It also assists to keep the expenses of audit at a rational level. Moreover, this helps to avoid any kind of misunderstandings among the clients. It has been found that the planning of audit is addressed by the ISA 300 Planning an Audit of Financial Statement (Kogan et al. 2014). As per this standard, the adequate planning of audit provides benefits to the system of auditing the financial statements of a particular company in various ways. From the detailed study, it can be said that the audit planning helps an auditor of an organization to devote an accurate attention to the significant regions of the audit. In addition to this, the planning of audit assists the auditor of an organization to determine and also to pledge the possible issues on the basis of constant time. Moreover, the planning of auditing also assists the companys auditors to organize properly and also to manage the engagement of auditing in order to make the performance of the company effective and efficient. Additionally, the audit planning helps in selecting the engagement members of team with proper levels of competence and capabilities in order to react for the expected risks and the accurate assignment for working (Stewart and Shamdasani 2014). This also facilitates the supervision and direction of the engagement of the members of the team and to review their work. In this report, inherent risks of the company named Woolworths Limited have been identified in order to analyze the reasons for considering the particular four risks of the company as inherent risks. Lastly, the identified four inherent risks have been analyzed through the audit risk model and its impact on the evidence mix for planning the audit of the organization Woolworths Limited in the relevant segment of aud it have also been studied in detail. Company Background Woolworths Limited is a public company that is enlisted in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and is traded as WOW. The particular company belongs to the retail sector and is headquartered in Bella Vista that is situated in New South Wales of Australia. The specified organization Woolworths Limited was established on 22nd September in the year 1924 that is around 92 years ago (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). The founders of the specified organization are Percy Christmas, Ernest Williams, Stanley Chatterton, George Creed and Cecil Scott Waine. Woolworths Limited mainly serves its products and services across the world that is in India, New Zealand and across its home country Australia. It has been found that Gordon Cairns is the chairman and Brad Banducci is the CEO of the firm. As per the financial report of the year 2016, total revenue of the firm has been decreased to A $ 59 billion and operating income decreased to A $ 1.6 billion (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Additionally, th e profit amount of the firm decreased to A $ (1.2 billion) that is a huge loss of an amount of A $ 1.2 billion took place (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). As per the annual report of the company for the year 2011, the particular firm employed around 202000 employees (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). The particular company Woolworths Limited has various divisions, these include supermarkets, Thomas Dux, Food for Less, Petrol, General Merchandise, Liquor, Hotels and Gambling and Home Improvement (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). It has been noted that the specified firm is considered as the second largest organization across the nation Australia in terms of revenue. Moreover, Woolworths Limited is also regarded as the largest retailer of liquor in Australia The Key Inherent Risk Factors Inherent Risk Nature of the Industry It has been found that the retail industry of the country Australia is under considerable pressure from the forces of consumer base like increase in the diverse consumer segments, the development of the non-stop consumer journey and the digital generation (Birolini 2012). Thus, the nature of the particular retailing industry of Australia mainly depends on the needs and tastes of the customers. Therefore, it can be said that Woolworths Limited operates in an industry that is susceptible to volatility and market circumstances due to the result of changing tastes and needs of the consumers. Reasons for considering it as risk Nature of the particular industry is ever changing and volatile, thus this acts as an inherent risk factor for the firm Woolworths Limited. It has been noted that if the tastes and needs of the customers of changes, then the consumers will visit the stores relatively less numbers of times and the total revenue of the company will also decrease (Baldwin, Cave and Lodge 2012). On the other hand, with the decrease in the sales revenue, profitability of the firm will also decrease. However, the management of the company is unable to control this risk of changing taste and need of customers; thus, it is considered as inherent risk. Inherent Risk Susceptibility of Inventory to Theft As per the annual report of the company Woolworths Limited, the closing inventory of the company raised by 3.8% due to opening of new stores (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). It can also be said that the average inventory rose from 1.6 days to 40.2 days (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). This implies a risk for the company as the duration of converting the products (inventories) into liquid assets increased. On the other hand, from the summary of five year of the company, it can be said that the inventory amount increased constantly since from the year 2011 to 2015 (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). It increased from $ 3736.5 million in 2011 to $ 4872.2 million in the year 2015 (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Therefore, it can be said that 43.76 % of the total net assets of the company is composed of inventories; thus, there remains a high susceptibility of theft of the inventory (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Reasons for considering it as risk The inventory percentage of the total net assets of the organization Woolworths Limited increased constantly since the year 2011 to 2015 (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). Thus, the probability of theft of the inventories also increases and this will result into a huge loss for the firm. The duration of converting the inventories into cash has also increased; thus, it assists to theft the various products of the firm, like products of supermarket, petrol, liquor and many more (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan 2013). All these products are expensive and stealing of these would result into a huge loss for the company. Thus, the particular risk is considered as the inherent risk. Inherent Risk Risk of occurring Natural Calamities It has been found that some of the operations of Woolworths like meat processing plants, petrol, and winemaking business are mostly exposed to potential environmental liability with the aim to contaminate (Woolworthslimited.com.au 2016). This might have a negative effect on results of operations of the firm. In other words, it can also be said that the firm is subjected to risks from adverse conditions of the weather and natural disasters (Watts and Zuo 2016). Reasons for considering it as risk As the natural calamities are unpredictable, the management of the firm is also unable to ensure about proper operation of the business. Moreover, provision amount for damages that might occur due to natural calamities would also become impossible for the firm to calculate for future. Thus, this might cause trouble during the process of auditing, as if any natural calamities does not take place, then the auditors have to carry forward the provision amount to next year (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). Therefore, this risk is also considered as the inherent risk. Inherent Risk Technical Advancement Technology advancement brings a super fast change within the operation and regulation of a business. It has been noted that with passage of time, technology gets advanced and this creates barrier for the present employees of the organization as they also have to learn the new one. Moreover, this learning process is a time consuming factor and thus it might cause delay in the operation of business (Power and Gendron 2015). Reasons for considering it as risk Technical advancement implies advancement in the machineries, thus, the work force of the firm Woolworths might also get affected. It might result into high rate of turnover of employees and for any business; man power is the most important factor for running the business successfully (Birolini 2012). However, with the appearance and implementation of advanced technologies within the firm, both the workforce and the operations can be affected. Thus, this particular risk is considered as the inherent risk. 2. Audit Risk Model and Evidence Mix for planning of audit for Woolworths Limited Audit Risk Model is the combination of audit risk, inherent risk, control risk as well as detection risk. Audit risk is the risk that is faced by an auditor in rendering their opinion with an unqualified opinion (Simnett, Zhou and Hoang 2016). This is regarding any misstatement financial statements of business organization. Inherent risk considers as the risk considering errors or deviations occurring due to client control. On the contrary, Control risk is the risk whereby client internal control system fails or prevents for future analysis purpose. At the end, Detection risk considers as the risk in the auditor procedures failing for detecting errors in the near future (Ge, Simnett, and Zhou 2016). The above question explains regarding the inherent risk factors faced by Woolworths Limited. It discusses regarding the nature of industry a Woolworths Limited relies upon retail industry (Heenetigala, De Silva Lokuwaduge and Armstrong 2015). This particular business organization occupies the topmost position in the retail sector and renders stiff competition with Wesfarmers Limited. Addition to that, it takes into consideration risks regarding susceptibility of inventory or any kind of theft at Woolworths Limited. Evidence Mix Planning considers as the mixture of audit plan activities that need to be considered by the auditors of an audit firm. Risk-based audit is one of the approaches that relates directly with the concepts regarding audit risks as well as materiality aspects of Woolworths Limited. Audit risk is considered as the likelihood whereby financial statements are mostly materially misstated after determination by auditors (Carson, Fargher and Zhang 2016). This is because of the auditors who view at the financial statement that are free from material misstatements gathering facts on the retail giants named as Woolworths Limited. In other words, materiality is a concept in relation with understanding the importance of transactions or any form of discrepancy. On the contrary, auditors majorly analyzes audit risks as well as sets materiality on given audit risks as well as develop audit procedures (Hay, Stewart and Botica Redmayne 2016). Therefore, these audit procedures mainly into areas possessing greatest risks. This means audit resources allocates from the areas of financial statements containing given material misstatements for concentration of audit efforts. The other inherent risk factor mentioned above is the risk of occurring natural calamities. This means Woolworths Limited faces various natural calamities issues that lad to loss to the company in its operational activities (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). At the last, inherent risk faced will be the technical advancement in and around business organization in carrying out operational activities in desired way. Auditors should consider the aspects that need to be addressed for the potential clients. In other words, Risk-based audit approach is mostly efficient as well as time-cost saving for future analysis purpose. These particular approaches aim at enhancing the audit quality as well as adding value to potential client. Therefore, Risk based audit approach designs ways for understanding the organizational nature in its own business sectors. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Woolworths Limited faces some of the audit risks in terms of inherent risks in their operational activities. In this particular assignment, inherent risks have been identified and their reason for selecting for the same as in case of material misstatements in financial statement. This means that risk base approaches are majorly adopted by its compliance as well as regulations. Auditors may not always perform detailed audit procedures on given areas of audit activities. The plan as well as performance was regarding audit areas considering time-consuming as well as costly at the same time. In this particular risk-based approach, programs are designed regarding the audit resources for allocating in the high-risk areas. In this particular attempt, it reveals the efficiency as well as time saving activities in the normal audit approach. Auditors should plan for identifying the key risk areas for testing low risk activities in the most appropri ate way. Reference List Baldwin, R., Cave, M. and Lodge, M., 2012.Understanding regulation: theory, strategy, and practice. Oxford University Press on Demand. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Birolini, A., 2012.Quality and reliability of technical systems: theory, practice, management. Springer Science Business Media. Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Zhang, Y., 2016. Trends in Auditor Reporting in Australia: A Synthesis and Opportunities for Research.Australian Accounting Review,26(3), pp.226-242. Ge, Q., Simnett, R. and Zhou, S., 2016. Ethical and Quality Control Requirements When Undertaking Assurance Engagements.Available at SSRN 2837397. Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis.Available at SSRN 2838066. Heenetigala, K., De Silva Lokuwaduge, C.S. and Armstrong, A.F., 2015, December. Independent Assurance of Sustainability Reports of Mining Sector Companies in Australia. In12th International Conference on Business Management (ICBM). Kogan, A., Alles, M.G., Vasarhelyi, M.A. and Wu, J., 2014. Design and evaluation of a continuous data level auditing system.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,33(4), pp.221-245. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Power, M.K. and Gendron, Y., 2015. Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(2), pp.147-165. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Simnett, R., Zhou, S. and Hoang, H., 2016. Assurance and Other Credibility Enhancing Mechanisms for Integrated Reporting. InIntegrated Reporting(pp. 269-286). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Stewart, D.W. and Shamdasani, P.N., 2014.Focus groups: Theory and practice(Vol. 20). Sage publications. Watts, R.L. and Zuo, L., 2016. Understanding Practice and Institutions: A Historical Perspective.Accounting Horizons,30(3), pp.409-423. Woolworthslimited.com.au. 2016.Woolworthslimited.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182381_Annual_Report_2015.pdf [Accessed 14 Oct. 2016]. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

Epa Oil Spill Program Essays - Hazards, Ocean Pollution, Oil Spill

Epa Oil Spill Program EPA Oil Spill Program Overview Welcome to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil Spill Program. This website provides information about the U.S. EPA's program for preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States. As a major industrial nation, the United States produces, distributes, and consumes large quantities of oil. Petroleum-based oil is used as a major power source to fuel our factories and various modes of transportation, and in many everday products, such as plastics, nylon, paints, tires, cosmetics, and detergents. On average, the U.S. uses over 250 billion gallons of oil and petroleum products each year. To meet this demand, each year the U.S. produces an average of 125 billion gallons of crude oil and imports an average of 114 billion gallons of crude oil and other petroleum products. At every point in the oil production, distribution, and consumption process, oil is invariably stored in storage tanks. With billions of gallons of oil being stored throughout the country, the potential for an oil spill is significant, and the effects of spilled oil can pose serious threats to the environment. In addition to petroleum-based oil, the U.S. consumes millions of gallons of non-petroleum oils, such as silicone and mineral-based oils, and animal and vegetable oils. Like petroleum products, these non-petroleum oils are often stored in storage tanks that have the potential to spill, causing environmental damages that are just as serious as those caused by petroleum-based oils. To address the potential environmental threat posed by petroleum and non-petroleum oils, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a program designed to prevent oil spills. The program has reduced the number of spills from the total volume handled each year. The program is also designed to prepare for and respond to any oil spill affecting the inland waters of the United States. EPA's oil program has a long history of responding to oil spills, including several major oil spills, and the lessons learned have helped to improve our country's prevention and response capabilities. The Oil Spill Program is administered through EPA headquarters and the 10 EPA Regions. [ Oilspill Home | Search Oilspill | Contact Us ] [ EPA Home | OSWER Home | Superfund Home ] [ Search EPA | Search Superfund ] URL: http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/overview.htm This page last updated on March 7, 2001 Comments: [emailprotected] Bibliography http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/overview.htm Current Events

Types of Thinking Styles

Types of Thinking Styles Thinking Styles: Optimistic, Pessimistic, and Emotional One of the key avenues of concern in critical and creative thinking is the recognition, acknowledgement, and appreciation of the influence of human factor to the thought process of each individual. A broad spectrum of factors, therefore, exists bearing a mark on the manner in which human beings think.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Types of Thinking Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Examples of such factors are culture, emotion, stress, ego, among others. The discipline of critical and creative thinking strives to direct the attention of each person on the invaluable role played by these factors in making of decisions. This paper analyses, and compares and contrasts optimistic thinking, pessimistic thinking, and emotional thinking. Optimistic thinking is the type of thinking in which a person chooses to align his/her thoughts on the positive side of life regardless of how gloomy things look. People who have optimistic thoughts normally reassure themselves that all is well in any condition they find themselves. This, of course, has its advantages and disadvantages. Pessimistic thinking is the opposite of optimistic thinking. It refers to a style of thinking in which an individual sees the negative side of situations. In good and bad situations, such a person will always have something to get him/her worried. This obviously has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages is that such a person will be able to anticipate challenges, and plan on how to overcome them. Emotional thinking is the style of thinking that is driven by what a person feels at a particular point in time (Martin, 2010, p. 1). For instance, if a person is feeling depressed, this style of thinking will attract thoughts of hopelessness and other related thoughts. The three thinking styles are largely similar. One of their similarities is the fact that the three thinking styles stem from the disposition of the particular individual with whom they are associated. For instance, an emotional person is likely to have an emotional thinking style; a pessimistic person is likely to have a pessimistic thinking style while an optimistic person is likely to have an optimistic thinking style (Pritchett, 2007, p. 1). In addition to this, emotional and pessimistic thinking styles are likely to have more negative influences on an individual than the optimistic thinking style. This is because the thinking style of a person is a key determinant of the appropriateness and success of actions that he/she takes in order to make a situation better.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The way a person perceives and thinks after succeeding in a certain thing is also a determinant factor of future success. A person with an emotional thinking s tyle may for example over-celebrate an instance of success leading to future failures. It is however important to note that despite the fact that the optimistic thinking style is generally better as compared to the other two, it has its weaknesses. A person with an optimistic thinking style may take things for granted while assuming that all will be well. This may lead to a failure that will take him/her by surprise. After repeated failures, such a person may even develop a negative disposition like being emotional. This may make him/her an emotional thinker (Martin, 2010, p. 1). It is, therefore, important to note that dispositions are not static. Therefore, a person may have more than one of the three thinking styles during his/her lifetime. Reference List Martin, P. (2010). Explanatory Style – Optimism/Pessimism. Retrieved from  http://stresscourse.tripod.com/id103.html [November 4, 2011] Pritchett, P. (2007). How pessimism can add value to our work, Hard Optimism. Retri eved from  http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2007/aug/28book.htm [November 4, 2011]

Discuss and evaluate effective management and leadership behaviors and Term Paper

Discuss and evaluate effective management and leadership behaviors and their - Term Paper Example It will also look into ethical and social implications of effective management and leadership in professional practice. Management behavior consists of managers’ actions or conducts in the course of management duties. It therefore includes judgments and actions that a manager directs to both subordinates and seniors. For a management behavior to be effective, it must be able to achieve management objectives. One of the effective management behaviors is motivation. Behaviors towards motivating employees have the potential of increasing the will and desire by employees to focus on achieving desired objectives of an organization. Such behaviors include empowering the subordinates, creating a friendly atmosphere, and building the confidence among the subordinates. Empowerment would for instance involve developing the inner potential of individual employees. With this respect, an effective manager would interact with the subordinates with the aim of learning their internal strengths and weaknesses. This would then be followed by initiatives to develop the identified strengths while helping the subo rdinate to work on and resolve the identified weaknesses. Motivation, as a management behavior, would therefore be aimed at catalyzing attainment of employees’ potentials. As a result, the management and the organization will benefit from improved productivity while the employee will develop a successful career that will be reflected in his or her social status at home. There will also be implied ethical aspects in the management (Buckingham and Coffman, 2005). Another effective management behavior involves exercising influence over employees. Though good policies may be formulated towards achieving objectives of a firm, success in implementation of such objectives can only be achieved if the employees are geared towards working for the goals. Aligning employees’ psychological potentials towards developing positive attitudes over the formulated policies are

Human Resource Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Information Systems - Essay Example In this industry, there is need for the employees to work in a friendly and comfortable environment. Their working environment can only be comfortable if they have things to do with their health looked into; if they get their salaries effectively and other things related to work made easier for them. This will definitely boost the morale of the employees and they do their work effectively (Gupta & Chhabra, 2004). When Mr. Morgan approached me regarding all this for advice as a HR Consultant, I decided to introduce him to the Human Resources Information System (HRIS). Since he would like to travel less due to the cost of fuel, the HRIS should be able to help him execute most of his work effectively and at cheaper costs. This will save him time, energy, and money. IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS: The HR problems Mr. Morgan is facing will be no more as soon as the use of HRIS is put in place. The main problem was travelling every week, which wasted so much time and was expensive in terms of fuel. The manner in which he made the payroll checks and the use of Excel spread sheet to prepare them would greatly be improved through HRIS. Some of the HR functions, which will be efficient, in this case are: Salary determination is one of the most important functions in this business. The work of HRIS in this field acts as the software for clarifying for data entry, data information, and data tracking. It helps the Human Resources to manage accounting functions and payrolls within the company or business. It is the most efficient and effective way of transacting accounting calculations. It will provide data, which is very accurate. It can also keep and retrieve big amounts of data making work much easier (Gupta & Chhabra, 2004). HRIS NEEDS ASSESSMENT: The computerization used in the HRIS might create more effective process in the functions above, due to the fact that it has the ability to perform very heavy tasks within a short time. For instance, if the HR

The Role And Importance Of Educational Research Philosophy Essay

The Role And Importance Of Educational Research Philosophy Essay Educational research is important because it is conducted in order to provide trustworthy information regarding educational problems and their solutions. There are many things that need to be considered when looking at what educational research is for example some thought needs to be put into looking at current paradigms, what counts as evidence in educational research, maintaining quality, and the role of peer review in validating new knowledge in educational research. There are many different approaches to educational research which are shaped by many different research paradigms. Koul (2008) states that the various research paradigms have different criteria for ontology and epistemology to maintain quality standards. The ontology and epistemology of a research paradigm influence researchers applying the quality standards, methodology and methods (para. 1). What is Educational Research: Research is a combination of both experience and reasoning and must be regarded as the most successful approach to the discovery of truth (Borg, 1963, as cited in Cohan, Manion, Morrison, 2000). Educational research can be defined as a purposeful and systematic enquiry to solve a problem, illuminate a situation or add to our knowledge (Mutch, 2005, pp. 14) by the discovery of non-trivial facts and insights (Howard Sharp, 1983, as cited in Bell, 2005, pp. 2) in relation to the improvement of education policy and practices, with a commitment to broader dissemination of research findings beyond publication in high status, international, refereed journals (Lingard Gale, 2010, pp. 31). In order to define educational research we must first look at what research is. Research is a combination of both experience and reasoning and must be regarded as the most successful approach to the discovery of truth, particularly as far as the natural sciences are concerned (Borg, 1963, as cited in Cohan, Manion, Morrison, 2000). Therefore Educational Research can be defined as a `purposeful and systematic enquiry to solve a problem, illuminate a situation or add to our knowledge (Mutch, 2005, pp. 14) `by the discovery of non-trivial facts and insights (Howard Sharp, 1983, as cited in Bell, 2005, pp. 2) `in relation to the improvement of education policy and practices, with a commitment to broader dissemination of research findings beyond publication in high status, international, refereed journals (Lingard Gale, 2010, pp. 31). Anderson and Arsenault, (1998) suggest that there are ten characteristics of educational research that can be grouped into three main categories; the purpose of research, the procedures of research and the role of researcher (p. 7). They go on to explain that the purpose of research is to solve the problems and develop knowledge, the procedure involves collecting or generating data with accurate observation, objective interpretation, and verification. It also involves carefully designed procedures and rigorous analysis (Anderson and Arsenault, 1998 pp. 7), and finally the role of researchers is to be patient and careful in every step of the researchers procedures, and be experts in their area of study, which requires them to use research data to develop solutions and increase knowledge. What is a Paradigm: The use of this fashionable word came about from the philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn. The word comes from the Greek work paradeigma which translates literally as pattern. It is used in social science to describe an entire way of looking at the world (Davidson Tolich, 1999). It can be viewed as a basic set of beliefs held by an individual that represent a worldview which defines the nature of the world, the individuals place in it and the range of possible relationships to that world and its parts (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 200) A paradigm relates to a particular set of philosophical assumptions about what the world is made of and how it works. One way to consider a paradigm is as a collection of ontological and epistemological assumptions (Davidson Tolich, 1999). Inquiry paradigms define for inquirers what it is they are about, and what falls within and outside the limits of legitimate inquiry. (http://prk.dreamwidth.org/60977.html) Examining paradigms define for inquirers what paradigms are about and what fall within in and outside the limits of that paradigm? Denzin and Lincon (1998) state that there are three fundamental questions that need to be addressed in order to complete research. These questions are; the epistemological question, the ontological question, and the methodological question it is important to note that however one answers a question it effects how they answer the other two. The Epistemological Question: Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge. http://www.translationdirectory.com/glossaries/glossary007_e.htm Epistemology raises the questions of how we know what we know, and what is knowledge. http://atheism.about.com/od/philosophybranches/p/Epistemology.htm It encompasses the debate on if knowledge can be obtained through experience (Empiricism) or by the use of reasoning (rationalism). The epistemological question is asking what the form and nature of reality is and, what can be known about it? Denzin and Lincoln (1998) uses the example of if a real world is assumed, then what can be known about it are how things really are or how things really work where as other questions like matters of aesthetic or moral significance, fall outside the realm of legitimate scientific inquiry. (pp. 201) Questions for analysing paradigms Research paradigms Positivism Epistemological questions Nature of knowledge Knowledge can be described in a systematic way Knowledge consists of verified hypotheses that can be regarded as facts or laws. Probabilistic i.e. holds true for large groups of people or occurs in many situations Knowledge is accurate and certain Role of theory Theories are: Normative Present models General propositions explaining causal relationships between variables Theory building/testing Postulate a theories that can be tested in order to confirm or reject Prove a theory from observable phenomena / behaviour Test theories in a controlled setting, empirically supporting or falsifying hypotheses through process of experimentation Role of research Uncover reality i.e. natural laws Scientifically explain / describe, predict and control phenomena Research findings are true if: Can be observed an measured Can be replicated and are generalizable Role of common sense None only deductive reasoning (Voce, 2004 pp. ) The Ontological Question: Ontology is defined by as What is the nature of the relationship between the knower or would be knower and what can be known? Denzin Lincoln (1998) continue with their example of reality being assumed because one has already answered the epistolocial question the posture of the knower must be one of objective detachment or value freedom in order to discover these thing.. What is the nature of the relationship between the knower or would be knower and what can be known? The answer that can be given to this question is constrained by the answer already given to the ontological question; that is, not just any relationship can now be postulated. So if, for example, a real reality is assumed, then the posture of the knower must be one of objective detachment or value freedom in order to discover how things really are and how things really work (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 201). Questions for analysing paradigms Research paradigms Positivism Ontological Questions Nature of reality An objective, true reality exists which is governed by unchangeable natural cause-effect laws Consists of stable pre-existing patterns or order that can be discovered Reality is not time- nor context-bound Reality can be generalised Nature of human beings Rational Shaped by external factors (same cause has the same effect on everyone) i.e. mechanical model / behaviourist approach. Under certain conditions people will probably engage in a specified behaviour (Voce, 2004) The Methodological Question: Methodology is defined by the free dictionary as a body of practices, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in an inquiry; a set of working methods http://www.thefreedictionary.com/methodological Therefore the methodological question surrounds how the inquirer goes about finding out what they believe can be known? Depending on what answers have already been given to the above questions they will constrain the answer to this one, whether the methods are qualitative or quantitave. The methodological question cannot be reduced to a question of methods; methods must be fitted to a predetermined methodology (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 201) How can the inquirer (would be knower) go about finding out whatever he or she believes can be known? The answer that can be given to this question in constrained by answers already given to the first two questions; that is, not just any methodology is appropriate. For example, a real reality pursued by an objective inquirer mandates control of possible confounding factors, whether the methods are qualitative (e.g. observational) or quantitative (e.g. analysis of covariance). The methodological question cannot be reduced to a question of methods; methods must be fitted to a predetermined methodology (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 201). Questions for analysing paradigms Research paradigms Positivism Methodological questions Role of researcher Objective, independent from the subject Investigator often controls the investigated Role of values Science is value-free Values have no place in research must eliminate all bias Methods Empirical Structured and replicable observation Quantification / measurement Experimental directly manipulate variables and observe Type of studies Survey studies Verification of hypotheses Statistical analysis Quantitative descriptive studies What is Positivism: Knowledge is based not on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations, but rather upon human conjectures (Phillips Burbules, 2000). Positivism is an epistemological perception which states that only knowledge which is based on sensory experience and positive verification is authentic knowledge. More simply worded, positivism is the view that all true knowledge is scientific, and that all things are ultimately measureable. Positivism emerged from the success of the scientific approach in natural sciences such as physics, chemistry, and biology. The impetus for this came from the overwhelming success of science in understanding and solving problems in the natural world. The ontology of positivism is realism; an apprehend able reality that is assumed to exist, driven by immutable natural laws and mechanisms. Knowledge of the ways things are is conventionally summarised in the form of time- and context-free generalizations, some of which take the form of cause-effect laws. Research can, in principle, converge on the true state of affairs. The basic posture of the paradigm is argued to be both reductionist and deterministic (Hesse, 1980, cited in Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 204). The epistemology of positivism is dualist and objectivist; meaning the investigator and the investigated object are assumed to be independent entities, and the investigator to be capable of studying the object without influencing it or being influenced by it. When influence in either direction (threats to validity) is recognised, or even suspected, various strategies are followed to reduce or eliminate it. Inquiry takes place as through a one-way mirror. Values biases are prevented from influencing outcomes, so long as the prescribed procedures are rigorously followed. Replicable findings are, in fact, true (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 204). The methodology of positivism is experimental and manipulative. Questions and/or hypotheses are stated in propositional form and subjected to empirical tests to verify them; possible confounding conditions must be carefully controlled (manipulated) to prevent outcomes from being improperly influenced (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 204). Originally conceptualised by Auguste Comte in the early 19th Century (Pickering, 1993), positivism has been greatly criticised, including by positivist themselves. A number of the concerns raised have influenced the epistemological position taken within this research; particularly that knowledge is a social variable, knowing one is the subject of a study, changes in ones behaviour, and the notion of subjectivity and value orientation. What is Social Construction of Reality/ Post-Positivism: The Social Construction Reality/ Post-positivism paradigm include the following paradigms: interpretive, critical, feminist, and postmodern paradigm. I think interpretive paradigm is the paradigm that most education research is  based on  at the University of Waikato. The social construction of reality assumes that knowledge is subjective and unique therefore researchers undertake systematic and painstaking analysis of social episodes (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2007, pp. 19). This is a less reductionist approach to research recognizing the importance of context and aiming to represent how participants view their world. Rather than seeking generalisations this paradigm accepts that reality is multilayered and complex (Cohen et al, 2007, pp. 21) therefore data collected are open to multiple interpretations. This approach is more speculative based on the assumption that theory is emergent therefore the researcher should not be seeking evidence purely to support a predetermined hypothesis. Post-positivism is a meta-theoretical stance that analyses and adjusts positivism in light of the criticisms which positivism, as a scientific paradigm, has received. Post-positivism offers primary amendments to the positivist paradigm. Firstly, that the absolute separation of the knower and the known is not assumed; and secondly, that a single, shared reality which excludes all others is not assumed to be a true basis for reasoning. It is critical to note that post-positivism is not a rejection of the scientific paradigm, but seeks to amend the criticisms associated with positivism (Phillips Burbules, 2000; Zammito, 2004). Post-positivism states that knowledge is based not on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations, but rather on human conjectures (Phillips Burbules, 2000; Zammito, 2004). Epistemologically speaking post-positivism works on the position that facts and law deduced through research are probably true (Guba Lincoln, 2005) in light of evidence provided (Phillips Burbules, 2000; Zammito, 2004). Post-positivism of this type is common place in social science for conceptual and practical reasons (Phillips Burbules, 2000; Zammito, 2004). What are the differences between the two Meta-Paradigms: Based on the literature, the most fundamental differences between both paradigms are how they search for the truth and define validity and reliability. The positivist paradigm seeks and finds them in a (perceived)  value free and objective evidence based world and the constructivists in a subjective, contextual and interpretive world (Silverman 2005, p. 6; and Cohen et al. 2007, p. 26). Research as creating new knowledge: Positivism and Post-positivism create knowledge by a process of accretion, with each fact (or probable fact) serving as a kind of building block that, when placed into its proper niche, adds to the growing edifice of knowledge. When the facts take the form of generalisation or cause-effect linkages, they may be used most efficiently for prediction and control. Generalisations may then be made, with predicable confidence, to a population of settings (Denzin Lincoln, 1998, pp. 212). What counts as evidence in Educational Research: What counts as evidence in educational research depends on what is being asked. If one is looking at effectiveness of direct impact then there would be a different type of key evidence compared to if the question was in relation to the nature of a problem, or how some intervention worked or how a naturally occurring process takes place. Basically the kinds of evidence that will count will depend on the nature of the proposition. Anyone that is interested in the evidence needs to remember that the evidence is always connected to what was being asked or the proposition. One cannot take for granted that it is true one needs to still ask: how is the connection made possible? And what values, assumptions and conventions are behind that kind of connection? (Andrews, 2007). Maintaining quality in Educational Research: The quality standards related to the post/positivist paradigm are validity and reliability. This is because the focus of this is to discover the truth using empirical investigation. Anderson and Arsenault (1998) write that validity refers to the extent to which what we measure reflects what we expected to measure [which] has two forms: internal and external (pp. 257). Related to the research, the term internal validity refers to how the findings meet the expected results. While, external validity refers to being able to generalise the findings to other situations and contexts. Therefore, an experiment is valid if the results are appropriate to the manipulated independent variable and if they are able to be generalised to individuals or contexts other than the experiments setting (Gay Airasian 2000, pp. 371). Because the focus of this paradigm is to find out the truth, reliability is an important indicator for the consistency of the research findings. Anderson and Arsenault (1998) state that reliability refers to the extent that an instrument will yield the same results each time it is administered (pp. 256) an example of this is, if you were to administer a survey the larger the source of the data you collect the more it will be reliable as the results become more generalised the more it will give the same results the next time you did it. Furthermore, trustworthiness is a foundational criteria to maintaining quality. Trustworthiness can be broken down into four quality standards these being, credibility using multiple methods and perspectives and member checking, transferablility by providing rich data and thick descriptions, dependability by having a detailed audit trail, and comformability can be achieved by giving readers clear track of data and interpretations. (Anderson and Arsenault 1998) Peer Review. Research shows the benefits of Peer review doesnt only improve the language that authors use and they way their ideas are presented, but also alerts them to statistical and scientific errors in their research, inappropriate methodology, or accuracies in referencing which they can then correct before the publication. (Taylor and Francis Author Services, 2010) An example of this is when one submits his/her work to an international journal for anonymous refereeing by unknown peers, they read they article critically and then suggest for it to be accepted, rejected, or most often revised and improved before it is published. Without this external seal of approval many scientists would consider any results as preliminary, potentially flawed (Gannon, 2001). Conclusion Conclusion: Educational research with its characteristics is influenced by four major paradigms. Each paradigm has its own epistemology, ontology, and quality standards which influence the researchers to find the truth and see the reality. The important point is that knowing the nature of each paradigm which can help the researchers to conduct their research process. Researchers can conduct the research within and across paradigms which is called multi-paradigmatic research paradigms (Taylor, 2008). The nature of educational research is analogous with the nature of research itself, which is systematic, reliable and valid to find the truth, investigates knowledge, and solves problems. Moreover, educational research process involves steps to collect the information in order to investigate problems and knowledge. However, the educational research is more complex because it can use various approaches and strategies to solve problems in educational setting. It also can involve many disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, behaviour, and history. In addition, educational research is important because of contributing knowledge development, practical improvement, and policy information. Therefore, educators can use those research findings to improve their competences and teaching and learning process (Yulirahmawati, 2008).

Emma by Jane Austen :: essays research papers

Emma by Jane Austen Setting Emma took place in small town called Highbury in 18th century England. During the time period set in the novel, there was a definite social rank, or hierarchy. Almost all of the scenes in the book take place in or around the estates of the characters. Their property mostly determined their social status. This setting has significance to the storyline, because of the social rank. Emma, who is constantly trying to play matchmaker, tries to convince her friend Harriet to marry someone of a higher class than her current love, a farmer. The characters are very aware of their status, and can be discriminating towards people of a lower class, such as the farmer. The book was most likely set in this place and time in order to include the conflicts of a hierarchal society. Character Analysis Emma Woodhouse: Emma is the main character of the novel. She is a beautiful, smart, and wealthy 21-year-old woman. Because of her admired qualities, Emma is a little conceited. She is the daughter of Henry Woodhouse. Since her mother has died, Emma has taken the role of taking care of her father, who is old and often sick. Because she feels she is obligated to stay by his side, Emma decides not to marry. Emma believes that she is a good matchmaker, and tries to put together several couples throughout the novel. Emma believes that social classes are very important and refuses to see anyone cross over to marry someone lesser than themselves In chapter 8-page 52, Emma is talking about Harriet’s situation with the farmer with Mr. Knightley. She says, â€Å"Mr. Martin is a very respectable young man, but I cannot admit him to be Harriet’s equal. As the novel progresses, Emma becomes more mature, and realizes how silly she had been in the past. In the end, she finally stops matchmaking others and marries Mr. Knightley, who was perfect for her all along. Mr. Knightley: Mr. Knightley is another main character of the novel. He is quite a bit older than Emma, at 38. He is also Emma’s brother in law. He often visits the Hartfield estate to play cards. He is a little protective of Emma, and often gives her advice to change her prying ways. Mr. Knightley, although high in status, does not fully believe in the hierarchal customs of Highbury. He thinks that people’s actions and feelings are better judges of themselves than their title or property. Emma by Jane Austen :: essays research papers Emma by Jane Austen Setting Emma took place in small town called Highbury in 18th century England. During the time period set in the novel, there was a definite social rank, or hierarchy. Almost all of the scenes in the book take place in or around the estates of the characters. Their property mostly determined their social status. This setting has significance to the storyline, because of the social rank. Emma, who is constantly trying to play matchmaker, tries to convince her friend Harriet to marry someone of a higher class than her current love, a farmer. The characters are very aware of their status, and can be discriminating towards people of a lower class, such as the farmer. The book was most likely set in this place and time in order to include the conflicts of a hierarchal society. Character Analysis Emma Woodhouse: Emma is the main character of the novel. She is a beautiful, smart, and wealthy 21-year-old woman. Because of her admired qualities, Emma is a little conceited. She is the daughter of Henry Woodhouse. Since her mother has died, Emma has taken the role of taking care of her father, who is old and often sick. Because she feels she is obligated to stay by his side, Emma decides not to marry. Emma believes that she is a good matchmaker, and tries to put together several couples throughout the novel. Emma believes that social classes are very important and refuses to see anyone cross over to marry someone lesser than themselves In chapter 8-page 52, Emma is talking about Harriet’s situation with the farmer with Mr. Knightley. She says, â€Å"Mr. Martin is a very respectable young man, but I cannot admit him to be Harriet’s equal. As the novel progresses, Emma becomes more mature, and realizes how silly she had been in the past. In the end, she finally stops matchmaking others and marries Mr. Knightley, who was perfect for her all along. Mr. Knightley: Mr. Knightley is another main character of the novel. He is quite a bit older than Emma, at 38. He is also Emma’s brother in law. He often visits the Hartfield estate to play cards. He is a little protective of Emma, and often gives her advice to change her prying ways. Mr. Knightley, although high in status, does not fully believe in the hierarchal customs of Highbury. He thinks that people’s actions and feelings are better judges of themselves than their title or property.

Maket Structure-Micromax

MARKET STRUCTURES What is a Market structure? In economics Market structure is the way the market is organized , based largely on the number of firms in the industry, number of buyers and levels of competition , for example Monopoly, oligopoly , Perfect Competition. Monopolistic competition is the market structure is the market structure I am going to base this assignment on. Monopolistic CompetitionMonopolistic Competition is a type of imperfect competition such that producers sell products that are differentiated from one another as goods but not as perfect substitutes, they differ in terms of brand, quality, and location. In monopolistic competition a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impact of its own prices of other firms. Monopolistic competition has the following Characteristics:- †¢ There are many producers and consumers in the market and no company has total control over the market price. There are very barriers in the entry & exit of firms. †¢ Producers have a degree of control over prices. †¢ There is product differentiation. †¢ Independent decision making. Examples of Monopolistic competition:- Firms involving the selling toothpastes, soaps, electronics, and automobiles are examples of monopolistic competition. ANALYSIS OF A COMPANY IN MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION Company name: MICROMAX About Micromax Micromax is a consumer Electronics Company found in 1991 and based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India.It focuses primarily on the sale of Mobile phones, LED televisions as well as tablets. It has 23 domestic offices as well as offices in Honk Kong, Dubai, USA and also employs over 1400 employees. Micromax is the 3rd largest handset manufacturer and the 12th largest manufacturer in the world. As of 2012 , Micromax leads the Indian tablet market with a share of 18. 4% which is higher than even the likes of Apple and Samsung, it is also the 3rd largest mobile phone vendor in terms of volume.The company’s r apid market share growth since 2008 is primarily attributed to its aggressive low pricing and entry level segments of its products and its wide distribution setup. ANALYSIS OF A PRODUCT FROM MICROMAX Product name: MIcromax A116 Canvas HD The Micromas A116 Canvas HD was launched at the start of January 2013 and is the latest Smartphone to be launched by MIcromax and is also their best phone yet and aims to rival even the best Smartphones of international companies like Samsung, and Micromax has sought to do this with aggressive low pricing.Below are the specifications of the Micromax A116 HD |Screen and Resolution |5† HD(1280X720 pixels) | |Camera |8MP with LED flash & front facing camera | |RAM |1 GB | |Operating system |Android 4. Jelly bean | |Memory storage |4 GB, expandable to 32 GB | |Processor |1. 2 GHz quad core ARM cortex | |Battery |2,100 mAh Battery(approx 21 hours) |Overview The Micromax A116 Canvas HD has a plastic built and has a very powerful chipset and proc essor, and has no physical keys as it is a full touch screen. The Smartphone also comes with the latest operating system from Android which is Jellybean, the battery is a 2,100 mAh battery which will last for an approximate 21 hours. Price The Micromax A116 HD is priced at 15,000 Rupees. COMPETITION AND THEIR PRICESThe following tables are some competition from International Companies for Micromax:- Samsung |Samsung Galaxy Grand |21,500 | |Samsung Galaxy S3 |35,000 | |Samsung Galaxy S3 mini |24,000 |HTC |HTC One X |34000 | |HTC One S |22999 | |HTC One V |18000 |LG |LG Optimus G |35,000 | |LG Optimus L9 |19,899 | Nokia Nokia Lumia 620 |15,000 | |Nokia Lumia 920 |35,490 | |Nokia Lumia 900 |31,500 | The following are some competition from Domestic Companies for Micromax:- Karbonn Karbonn S1 Titanium |11,500 | ELASTICITY OF THE PRODUCT Price elasticity of Demand If the price of the product is increased by a particular amount, then the demand of the product will decrease by a fu rther amount, as the consumer has a host of other alternatives to choose from and will choose the item which will give him the most satisfaction at a lower cost, therefore the demand for these phones are highly elastic.Elasticity Of Supply If the Market price of the product decreases by a particular amount then the firm will supply fewer products than the amount in which the price has increased , as the firm does not want to sell their products at a lower price and will wait till the price increases to again increase their supply, therefore Micromax has an elastic supply. ———————– MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION MARKET STRUCTURE RHYS CAMARA ROLL NUMBER -1 MARKET STRUCTURE

American Medicine and the Nursing Then and Now - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1636 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? American medicine and nursing can be defined as the process of the diagnosis, treatment as well as the perceptions of the disease. This process is mainly done in the hospitals where many lives of the people are saved. In this essay, I will discuss the American medicine and nursing in the year 1850.   I will also consider the American medicine as well as the nursing in 2000. I will explain the important four biggest changes and gives the reason why such changes occurred. Finally, I will discuss the essential way of medicine and nursing. American medicine and nursing in 1850 During the 1850s, America medicine as well the nursing was only a family affair. Females were supposed to take care of illnesses while still in the household. The households were very thoughtful, life intimidating illnesses were doctor’s subpoenaed it. It was the domestic medicine was used. Domestic medicine was the United States medical practice that involved the combination of the house remedial as well as and a limited methodically trained procedures conducted out through the professional physicians. Those people had the type of authorizations need to have, traveled lengthily as they exercised medicine. There was an exercise of midwife so as to attend the females during the time of the birth and giving birth was a very common profession for the females because most of the child bearing took place at homes and not in hospitals (Dunn 850). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "American Medicine and the Nursing Then and Now" essay for you Create order In addition, the ancient medicine was founded on the traditional Greek belief for the four senses of humor which was of the rich blood, mucus, black bile as well as the yellow bile. The Balance between the humors was the main tool towards the health. The disease was thought to have been caused by more or little fluids. The curative control of hot, unkind, dry, and then wet preparations, then a many of plants. In addition to herbs, were also extremely regarded in 1850, at this time the required individuals who were on the bone settlers then the doctors who carried the operations had no formal training. Medical doctors with medical degrees as well as scientific training started displaying up on the United States countryside in the late foreign era. Medical schools were frequently unlocked by surgeons who were required toward recovering United States medicine as well as increase the medical occupation thus making sure the high rank in the America. With technical training, physicians bec ame more commanding as well as practiced medicine as minor businesspersons, indicting a payment for their amenities (Susan 850). At the mid of   year,   America doctors who had   only the medical exercise started   stressing on the clue that germs, as well as the social conditions,   might cause as well as well as spread diseases , particularly in town. Numerous cities came up with the dispensaries where very many medicines towards the poor and then provided free doctor service. The spread of cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, as well as yellow fever, lead about hygiene and the sanitation where the city administration constructed very many departments. During this year, the new advancements for studying the bacteria started to be used as the germ theory also became accepted as the main cause for the diseases.   This time was the phase of the spread of the diseases as well as poor sanitation.   The public health which was being sponsored by the government as well as the health care that the private healthcare started to expand systematically. As the United States became progressively urbanized in 1880, the hospitals were constructed by the city administration so as to treat the poor began treating them. Physicians, who had high power or the authority, stopped wayfaring to their vilest patients as well started treating them beneath the roof. United States clients who could pay were cured were in smaller, frequently private rooms. On the progression or changes that were made in 1850 included first positive ovarian cystectomy, morphine isolations, curare investigated, cerium disc, cautery that was used for the liver abscesses as well as the splenic disease and steam sterilization was done during this time (Henderson 62). American medicine and nursing in 2000 In 2000 is when the global genome plan produced a waft of the humanoid genome toward the people. The biosphere would be able to read the complete set of the human hereditary information as well started mapping the genome. There was also Physicians and Patients Harness data Technology.   When the clients came to the hospital they did not have to think of signing in a pad with a pen, then sit in the waiting area whereas the doctor wrenches patient’s folder. However, physicians used the skill had altered the exercise medicine of good lives. In the same year, the heart attack Disease as well as even the death decreased in two thousand. It decreased by forty percent. Those who were searching for the improvements in the public needed to look and not further compare to the realm of the world of the heart disease. There earlier days, the clients used to go to the hospice with the soul failure, and the best would be performed and they were also to place a client in a area which was dark, then give them morphine for the pain as well as lidocaine which doctors bad trust would prevent the serious irregular heartbeats as well as had to hope for the best. People could die to lead because of such diseases. In 2000 curing the heart attack which all was about the speed hence saving the lives of the people. The targeted therapies for cancer started expanding leading to the new drugs. Hartford Foundation Organization for Senior Nursing released rules so as to make sure the baccalaureate nursing graduates had all the knowledge and skills to offer geriatric care important to the aging Americans. The Senior Nursing Care were intended to go hand-in-hand Basics of Baccalaureate Schooling for Qualified Nursing Rehearsal, the complete values that explained the necessary knowledge, standards, as well as core abilities likely to the bachelors degree nursing alumnae. The new rules define thirty scientific competencies essential for nurses to deliver first-class care to elder adults as well as their relatives. There was also poor housing and poor food for the patients in the hospitals. Since there was the advancement of the in the medical science technology as well as the health care delivery the population of the people who were old had more clients with chronic conditions. In that period about thirty-five million Americans were aged and had more chronic conditions while half of this had multiple of those conditions. In addition, the most of the illness burden while the health maintenance resources that were connected to the chronic circumstances, the health care scheme was prepared then oriented mostly thus giving the attention for the acute maintenance as well as inadequate during a meeting the needs for the frequently ill was done by the specialist. There was few clinical program that could give the full complement of all the services which were required by all the individual who had suffered the heart pressure, diabetics, asthma as well as the other popular chronic situations. The studies signified that there was an effective treatment of chronic conditions wants to be continuous all over settings as well as the types of all the providers. The doctors and nurses wanted to be to collaborate with each other as well as the clients had to develop joint care plans which had agreed upon the implementation steps. For the instance, the care would support the client’s self-management as well as encompass the regular doctors. There was an application of the patient centered and the proficient in the informatics applications. Four biggest changed that occurred On the great changes that have occurred in the America in the field of medicine as well as include the use of the electronic health records. This is used to ensure that there are big advances in the centralization as well as of the patient data. It may also be used as a data as well as the population health tool. There is also use of the mobile health. The m-health are the releasing heat devices of the wires as well as the harmonies enabling the doctors and also the patient’s alike to confirm the healthcare processes on the go. It ensures that the patients, as well as the patients, are to become active performers in their treatment by linking the message with the biometrics. One can take the blood pressure base wireless (Monteiro 81). Another change is the use of the telemedicine. The cost benefits of the telemedicine may be ignored either, for instance, patients may be able to obtain a full valuation over the film talk with a doctor. Dues were mechanically made, however, the dues are a summary to issue out old-fashioned house cost. Setting the definite healthcare price aside. There is the use of the portal technology. Clients are progressively becoming very active –players in their individual health care, as well as the pivotal skill, is one tool helping them to perform that. The portal technology authorities the patients to contact medical records as well as interact online. This ensures the insalubrious individuals bare closely involved and better educated about their health care. Conclusion Finally, the way the essential ways of medicine and nursing are it first provides the background for rehearsal from sciences then civilizations. Secondly, it is important because it has organizational as well as the scheme leaderships. It is important for the quality development as well as the safety. Other important ways include the health policy and then the advocacy. I have realized that the American medicine and nursing was accompanied by the great change which is discussed there above in 1850 and 2000 due to an advancement of technology, technology, and the innovations. Examples of such changes involved the use of the M- health.